README FILE FOR BERING STRAIT MOORING DATA                          June 2017
=============================================================================
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Bering Strait Moorings 2014-2015

This is an archive of data from moorings deployed in Bering Strait from
summer 2015 to summer 2016.

Mooring deployments were funded by the NSF-Arctic Observing Network
award PLR-1304052 (PI: Woodgate, Heimbach and Nguyen).  

The mooring work required 2 dedicated cruises:
- in 2015 (1st - 9th July), a ~ 9 day cruise on the US vessel 
Norseman2 deployed the moorings.  Some CTD sections were run on this cruise, 
and those data are archived separately.
- in 2016 (7th - 15th July), a ~ 9 day cruise on the US vessel 
Norseman2 deployed the moorings.  Some CTD sections were run on this cruise, 
and those data are archived separately.

For 2015 to 2016, a total of three moorings were deployed:
- two moorings (A2 and A4) in the US channel of the strait,
- one mooring (A3) at a site just north of the strait. 
In what follows, mooring names include a two digit suffix to represent
year of deployment.  

Sites A2, and A3 were established in 1990. A2 and A3 have been occupied 
almost continuously (all years except 96-97) since then. Site A4 
was established in 2001. 
Mooring location A2 is in the middle of the eastern (Alaskan side) channel.
Mooring location A3 is just north of the strait, immediately east of the
Russian-US EEZ (Exclusive Economic Zone) line.  
Experience has shown that site A3 samples both eastern and western
channel water.  Mooring location A4 is close to the Alaskan coast and allows
measurement of the Alaska Coastal Current.

For an overview of previous and on-going Bering Strait mooring work,
please see http://psc.apl.washington.edu/BeringStrait.html.

Moorings carry a variety of instruments, listed in the table below.
All records are year-round, sampling hourly or more frequently (Time
Int. in table below).
Data from instruments marked with * are not included in this archive.
For access to these data, please contact the named PI in list below table.  

12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
ID  Deployed Latitude  Longitude  Instrument      S/N  Time   Inst.  Water  
     in Year   (N)        (W)                          Int.   Depth  Depth  
--------------------------------------------------------------------------

A3-15  2015  66 19.60  168 57.04  ISCAT         13001   NR     15m    56m  
                                  ISCAT-Logger     21  30min   ...    56m
                                  300kHz-ADCP    2269  30min   42m    56m
                                  SBE16          1700  60min   43m    56m
                                  AURAL M2*       235    -     48m    56m

A2-15  2015  65 46.86  168 34.08  ISCAT          5591   5min   14m    54m  
                                  ISCAT-Logger     24  30min   ...    54m
                                  300kHz-ADCP    2232  30min   44m    54m
                                  AURAL M2*       234    -     48m    54m
                                  SBE16          1224  60min   49m    54m
     
A4-15  2015  65 44.76  168 15.77  ISCAT         13002   NR     14m    47m  
                                  ISCAT-Logger     06  30min   ...    47m
                                  300kHz-ADCP    2234  30min   36m    47m
                                  AURAL M2*       246    -     40m    47m
                                  SBE16          1698  60min   41m    47m 
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Depths are estimated from mooring design and pressure sensors where available,
and are good to 1-2m. 
  NR=instrument not recovered     ND=No data
Instruments with data included here:
 ISCAT - SBE37IM in ice resistant float, telemetering data inductively to
   a Logger below (system developed at APL-UW)
 300KHz-ADCP - 300kHz RDI/Teledyne Workhorse Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler
 SBE37 Microcat - Seabird SBE 37 Temperature Salinity Pressure recorder
 SBE16woptic - Seabird SBE16plus with optical data (including some or all of
               fluorescence, turbidity, transmissivity and PAR) - see headers
 SBE26p-BPG - Seabird SBE26plus Bottom Pressure Gauge
 RCM9Turb - Aanderaa RCM9 acoustic current meter with turbidity sensor
 RCM9LW   - Aanderaa Lightweight RCM9 acoustic current meter
Instruments with data not included here:
 AARI-CM&CTD - Current meter and CTD from AARI (Arctic and Antarctic Research
               Institute, Russia), PI: Igor Lavrenov, AARI
 ISUS - ISUS Nitrate sensor, PI: Terry Whitledge, UAF
 AURAL M2* - Aural Marine Mammal Acoustic Recorder, PI: Kate Stafford, UW

Each data file contains the data from one instrument-year - the listed year 
in the mooring name is the year in which the mooring was deployed. 
   Optics data from the SBE instruments are included in this archive only
in the hex files (unconverted). For calibration data, please contact 
Tom Weingartner, UAF. 

For RCMs and SBEs, calibrated data are recorded in one file per instrument 
per year, with naming convention:
   BeringStrait_yyyy_ID_III_#####.ttt
yyyy=Deployment year; ID=mooring ID; III=instrument type; #####=serial number;
ttt=indicates calibration, with .pre=pre-deployment calibration used,
.ppp=pre and post deployment calibrations merged. 
The SBE-16 and 37 hexidecimal files (unaltered from the download) are also 
included, indicated by extension .hex or .asc

For the ADCPs, there are multiple files per instrument.
   BeringStrait_yyyy__ID_#####ADCPraw.000 = Binary download from the ADCP
   BeringStrait_yyyy__ID_#####_ADCPdeploytests.txt = pre deployment tests
   BeringStrait_yyyy__ID_#####_ADCPrecoverytest.txt = post deployment tests
The remainder are ASCII conversions of the data, corrected for clock drift
and magnetic declination.
   BeringStrait_yyyy__ID_#####.btm = ASCII bottom track data
        (including ice range and velocity)
   BeringStrait_yyyy__ID_#####.ins = ASCII instrument data
        (e.g. heading, pitch, roll, temperature)
   BeringStrait_yyyy__ID_#####_bin01.rdat = ASCII water velocity data in Bin 1
   BeringStrait_yyyy__ID_#####.bin02.rdat = ASCII water velocity data in Bin 2
    etc.  (Bin depths are given in the data files)
Header information is included in each data file.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
For details of the measurements and their interpretation, please see:
Roach, A.T., K. Aagaard, C. H. Pease, S.A. Salo, T. Weingartner, V. Pavlov,
   and M. Kulakov (1995) Direct measurements of transport and water properties
   through Bering Strait, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 18,443-18,457.
Woodgate, R.A., and K. Aagaard (2005) Revising the Bering Strait freshwater
   flux into the Arctic Ocean, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L02602,
   doi:10.1029/2004GL021747.
Woodgate, R.A., K. Aagaard, and T. Weingartner (2005) Monthly temperature,
   salinity, and transport variability of the Bering Strait throughflow,
   Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, No. 4, L04601, doi:10.1029/2004GL021880.
Woodgate, R. A., K. Aagaard, and T. J. Weingartner (2005) A year in the
   physical oceanography of the Chukchi Sea: Moored measurements from autumn
   1990-1991,Deep-Sea Res., Part II, 52, 3116-3149,
   doi: 10.1016/j.dsr2.2005.10.016.
Woodgate, R. A., K. Aagaard, and T. J. Weingartner (2006) Interannual changes
   in the Bering Strait fluxes of volume, heat and freshwater between 1991
   and 2004, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L15609, doi:10.1029/2006GL026931.
Woodgate, R. A., T. Weingartner, and R. Lindsay (2010), The 2007 Bering 
   Strait oceanic heat flux and anomalous Arctic sea-ice retreat,
   Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L01602, doi:10.1029/2009GL041621.
Woodgate, R.A., T. Weingartner, and R. Lindsay (2012), Observed increases
   in Bering Strait oceanic fluxes from the Pacific to the Arctic from
   2001 to 2011 and their impacts on the Arctic Ocean water column,
   Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L24603, doi:10.1029/2012GL054092.

For an overview, please see:
   http://psc.apl.washington.edu/BeringStrait.html
and
   Woodgate, R.A., K.M.Stafford and F.G.Prahl (2015) A synthesis of
   year-round interdisciplinary mooring measurements in the Bering
   Strait (1990-2014) and the RUSALCA years (2004-2011), Oceanography
   28(3):46-67, doi:10.5670/oceanog.2015.57

For queries, please contact:
   Rebecca Woodgate   woodgate@apl.washington.edu   (206) 221-3268
   Polar Science Center, Applied Physics Lab, University of Washington
   1013 NE 40th, Seattle, WA  98105-6698   USA      FAX (206) 543-6785

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Meta data
=========

1) Platform: Subsurface oceanographic moorings

2) Project title: Bering Strait

3) Data collection dates: summer 2015 to summer 2016

4) PI:   Rebecca Woodgate (woodgate@apl.washington.edu)

5) Data collection method:
     Year-round moorings carrying
     - Sea-Bird temperature/conductivity and pressure recorders (SBE)
     - RDI 300kHz Workhorse Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers (ADCP)
     - APL data loggers for inductive data from ISCAT system

6) Data calibration method:
     Unless noted otherwise in the header on each data file, timestamps 
     have been corrected for observed instrument clock drift.
     All times are given in GMT.
     For SBEs, calibration coefficients are given in header file.
 
  SBEs:  
     - Generally pre and post calibrated by the manufacturer (indicated
       by suffix .ppp)
     - pre and post calibrations linearly time-weighted through the
       deployment.
     - .pre suffix indicates only pre-cruise calibration used
     
  ADCPS:  Tested by APL/manufacturer pre deployment.
     - compasses calibrated as per manufacturer's
       specifications in Seattle prior to deployment.  Estimated 
       compass error is included in the header file
     - where available, at sea compass check also included in header file
     - direction corrected to true north, magnetic declination used is cited
       in the header.
     - data requiring speed of sound in water is corrected by the ADCP using
       the water temperature measured by the ADCP.
     - intensity of returned signals is not specially calibrated.

7) Instrumentation used:  (see table for sampling frequencies)
     Sea-Bird SBE16 recorders
     ISCAT loggers (SBE37 Microcat logging data to an APL-Logger)
     RDI 300 kHz Workhorse ADCP - bin size 2m

8) Quality control procedures:
     Quality control provided by Rebecca Woodgate.
     ADCP data rely on ADCP internal temperature for speed of sound
       corrections.
     ADCP Data files are included for all bins up to the surface although
       bins near the surface contain much larger errors (likely due to
       surface effects) and should be treated with caution.  

9) Data format:
     SBE data - ASCII, format given in individual headers
        (uncalibrated "hex" data also included for SBEs)
     ADCP data - 2 formats: a) BINARY download file from ADCP and 
                            b) ASCII conversion of these files (in 2m bins)

10) Data collection problems:
    By Mooring:
      - no particular problems.  On two moorings A2 and A3, both releases
    were used to release the moorings as in both cases, the original release
    failed to cause the mooring to surface.  However, on recovery, in both
    cases, both releases had opened.
      - biofouling is a typical issue in the strait, but
    biofouling was moderate this year (A3 with
    the least biofouling, then A2 and with moderate/heavy biofouling at A4).
    Photographic documentation of biofouling on recovery is available 
    via cruise reports, included here and on the Bering Strait website:  
    http://psc.apl.washington.edu/BeringStrait.html.

    
    By Instrument:
    === ISCATS (Loggers and SBE37s)
       A215  - SBE37  5591 - lost March 2016
             - Logger 24 - Data good
       A315  - SBE37 13001 - lost Jan 2016
             - Logger 21 - Data good
       A415  - SBE37 13002 - lost March 2016
             - Logger 06 - Data good

   === ADCPs
      Note that ADCP range measurements are not corrected
      for pitch and roll.  For full discussion and correction,
      see: Woodgate and Holroyd, 2011, included in archive. 
      A215_adcp02232
         - bin 1 has high velocity errors up to ~ time of iscat loss           
         - pitch and roll generally < 10 deg, peaking at 20 deg                
         - oddly sharp change of pitch on 8th Aug 2016, 0400                   
         - range measurements not corrected for pitch and roll                           
         - data generally good until Bin14 (~14m)                                        
         - temperature data not quality controlled
      A315_adcp02269
         - bin 1 has high velocity errors up to ~ time of iscat loss           
         - pitch and roll generally < 10 deg, peaking at 12 deg                
         - both pitch and roll have offsets of ~ 3-5deg, possibly              
           relating to SBE mounted on side of ADCP cage                                    
         - range measurements not corrected for pitch and roll                           
         - data generally good until Bin14 (~12m)                                        
         - temperature data not quality controlled
      A415_adcp02234
         - bin 1 has high velocity errors up to ~ time of iscat loss           
         - bins 8/9 also have higher errors up to ~ time of iscat loss         
         - pitch and roll generally < 10 deg, peaking at 20 deg                
         - range measurements not corrected for pitch and roll                           
         - data generally good until Bin12 (~10m)                                        
         - temperature data not quality controlled

    === SBE16 (no optics)
       A215_1224
         - cell clear on recovery
         - 0.048psu salinity different pre-post calibrations
         - end of deployment CTD suggests mooring salinity is 0.38psu
           too fresh by the end of the record even after post cruise cal
       A315_1700
         - cell clear on recovery
         - 0.058psu salinity different pre-post calibrations
         - end of deployment CTD suggests mooring salinity is 0.1psu
           too fresh by the end of the record even after post cruise cal
      A415_1698
         - cell clear on recovery
         - vane broken off mooring sometime during deployment
         - 0.040 psu salinity different pre-post calibrations
       (Mooring A415 also carried SBE37 7156 from OSU, however post
        recovery tests suggest this instrument, although mounted
        vertically, is reading at least 0.25psu too fresh by recovery.
        These SBE37 data, being OSU's, are not included in this archive.)
         - for records 2016-2214 (JD266.96 and JD275.21), salinity data
        are suspect, being ~ 0.9psu fresher than the SBE37, which was
        deployed only 2m deeper on the same mooring and was typically
        0.03-0.07psu fresher. These salinity data are not corrected here. 


11) Other related data sets:
       This data set is a continuation of mooring measurements made in the
       Bering Strait almost continuously since 1990.  Mooring data have
       already been archived via the SBI project, managed by JOSS/EOS, 
       and at NODC.
       For details see
        http://psc.apl.washington.edu/BeringStrait.html
        http://www.eol.ucar.edu/projects/sbi/
        http://sbi.utk.edu/
        http://www.nodc.noaa.gov
       Since 2000, CTD sections have been run in the Bering Strait on
       the mooring cruises.  This data is also accessible via the http
       links above. 

12) Conditions for use or citation:
       Data freely available
       Please, as a courtesy, contact the PIs before using these data

13) Data qualifications or warnings:
       See also Data collection problems.
       For data issues relevant to a specific deployment, see the 
       individual headers.  In general:
       SBE data: Standard Sea-Bird limitations apply
            - estimated accuracy 0.02 deg C, 0.0012 S/m
              (corresponding to 0.02 psu), and < 1 db.
            - see header files for difference between pre and post calibration
              which are usually 0.03 psu or greater.
            - Note that post-calibrations on the SBE16s
              suggests salinity sensor drift during deployment of between
              0.02 and 0.1psu, and this should be considered if post
              calibrations are not available
            - Note also that clogging of the salinity cell during
              deployment will not be captured by the post calibration
              and thus generally ends of records should be suspected
              for anomalously low salinities, especially if the SBE
              is not mounted vertical.
              (see notes above for A2-15 and A3-15 salinities)
       ADCP data: Standard RDI limitations apply
            - estimated accuracy
              ~ 0.5 cm/s for water velocities (~100 pings per ensemble)
              Estimated errors (given in the files) vary with bin and time
              ~ 1 cm/s for ice velocities (2 or 5 pings per ensemble)
              Estimated errors (given in the files) vary with time
              ~ 1 deg in direction (see header files)
              Range to ice - accurate to 1% of range to surface (i.e. ~ 0.4 m)
              ~ 0.4 deg C in temperature
              Note that ADCP range measurements are not corrected
              for pitch and roll.  For full discussion and correction,
              see: Woodgate and Holroyd, 2011, included in archive.

14) Grant numbers:
      Mooring sponsorship came from 
      - National Science Foundation (NSF) Arctic Observing Network (AON)
      program, grant PLR-1304052 (PI: Woodgate, Heimbach and Nguyen)

15) Sample repository locations:
        National Ocean Data Center (http://www.nodc.noaa.gov)
        University of Washington (http://psc.apl.washington.edu/HLD)
==============================================================================

FILE LISTING  
=============
Total number of files:  100 including 4 subdirectories

Size (b)   Name
---------  ----
= Metadata file (1 file)
   24578  Bering_Strait_Moorings_2015-2016_NSFAON_ReadMe.txt

= Cruise reports (2 files) and 1 technical note (1 file)
 9619195  BeringStrait2015CruiseReport_Norseman2_31stJuly2015_withBlogandEL.pdf
 9220707  BeringStrait2016CruiseReport_Norseman2_9thAugust2016wEL.pdf
 1853097  WoodgateandHolroyd2011_BTrangeCorrection.pdf

= ISCAT data  (3 files)
  - 3 ICLog*.pre of pre calibrated logger data
  - 0 ICsbe37*.ppp pre-post calibrated SBE37 data
  - 0 ICsbe37*.cnv raw SBE37 data
  956017  BeringStrait_2015_A2_ICLog24_5591.pre
  713297  BeringStrait_2015_A3_ICLog21_13001.pre
  971880  BeringStrait_2015_A4_ICLog06_13002.pre

= SBE16 (6 files)
  - 3 .hex files of raw data
  - 3 .ppp files of pre-post calibrated data
  (see also con file directory)
  759121  BeringStrait_2015_A2_sbe16_1224.ppp
  181126  BeringStrait_2015_A2_sbe16_1224raw.hex
  759159  BeringStrait_2015_A3_sbe16_1700.ppp
  181106  BeringStrait_2015_A3_sbe16_1700raw.hex
  759243  BeringStrait_2015_A4_sbe16_1698.ppp
  181126  BeringStrait_2015_A4_sbe16_1698raw.hex

.. and the 4 subdirectories,

One subdirectory of SBE .con calibration files
./BeringStrait_2015_SBEconfiles
   - 6 calibration files for SBEs
 4764 sbe16_1224preOct14.con
 4774 sbe16_1698preOct14.con
 4789 sbe16_1700preOct14.con
 4789 sbe16_1224posAug16.con
 4788 sbe16_1698posAug16.con
 4788 sbe16_1700posAug16.con

Three subdirectories of ADCP data, naming conventions
as described above:

./BeringStrait_2015_A2_adcp2232:
  4239631  BeringStrait_2015_A2_02232.btm
  2187037  BeringStrait_2015_A2_02232.ins
    50307  BeringStrait_2015_A2_02232_ADCPdeploytests.txt
 12159621  BeringStrait_2015_A2_02232_ADCPraw.000
    15420  BeringStrait_2015_A2_02232_ADCPrecoverytests.txt
  3195335  BeringStrait_2015_A2_02232_bin01.rdat
  3195335  BeringStrait_2015_A2_02232_bin02.rdat
  3195335  BeringStrait_2015_A2_02232_bin03.rdat
  3195335  BeringStrait_2015_A2_02232_bin04.rdat
  3195335  BeringStrait_2015_A2_02232_bin05.rdat
  3195335  BeringStrait_2015_A2_02232_bin06.rdat
  3195335  BeringStrait_2015_A2_02232_bin07.rdat
  3195335  BeringStrait_2015_A2_02232_bin08.rdat
  3195335  BeringStrait_2015_A2_02232_bin09.rdat
  3195335  BeringStrait_2015_A2_02232_bin10.rdat
  3195335  BeringStrait_2015_A2_02232_bin11.rdat
  3195335  BeringStrait_2015_A2_02232_bin12.rdat
  3195335  BeringStrait_2015_A2_02232_bin13.rdat
  3195335  BeringStrait_2015_A2_02232_bin14.rdat
  3195335  BeringStrait_2015_A2_02232_bin15.rdat
  3195335  BeringStrait_2015_A2_02232_bin16.rdat
  3195335  BeringStrait_2015_A2_02232_bin17.rdat
  3195335  BeringStrait_2015_A2_02232_bin18.rdat
  3195335  BeringStrait_2015_A2_02232_bin19.rdat
  3195335  BeringStrait_2015_A2_02232_bin20.rdat
  3195335  BeringStrait_2015_A2_02232_bin21.rdat
  3195335  BeringStrait_2015_A2_02232_bin22.rdat


./BeringStrait_2015_A3_adcp2269:
  4238772  BeringStrait_2015_A3_02269.btm
  2186634  BeringStrait_2015_A3_02269.ins
    75892  BeringStrait_2015_A3_02269_ADCPdeploytests.txt
 12256638  BeringStrait_2015_A3_02269_ADCPraw.000
    26798  BeringStrait_2015_A3_02269_ADCPrecoverytests.txt
  3194708  BeringStrait_2015_A3_02269_bin01.rdat
  3194708  BeringStrait_2015_A3_02269_bin02.rdat
  3194708  BeringStrait_2015_A3_02269_bin03.rdat
  3194708  BeringStrait_2015_A3_02269_bin04.rdat
  3194708  BeringStrait_2015_A3_02269_bin05.rdat
  3194708  BeringStrait_2015_A3_02269_bin06.rdat
  3194708  BeringStrait_2015_A3_02269_bin07.rdat
  3194708  BeringStrait_2015_A3_02269_bin08.rdat
  3194708  BeringStrait_2015_A3_02269_bin09.rdat
  3194708  BeringStrait_2015_A3_02269_bin10.rdat
  3194708  BeringStrait_2015_A3_02269_bin11.rdat
  3194708  BeringStrait_2015_A3_02269_bin12.rdat
  3194708  BeringStrait_2015_A3_02269_bin13.rdat
  3194708  BeringStrait_2015_A3_02269_bin14.rdat
  3194708  BeringStrait_2015_A3_02269_bin15.rdat
  3194708  BeringStrait_2015_A3_02269_bin16.rdat
  3194708  BeringStrait_2015_A3_02269_bin17.rdat
  3194708  BeringStrait_2015_A3_02269_bin18.rdat
  3194708  BeringStrait_2015_A3_02269_bin19.rdat
  3194708  BeringStrait_2015_A3_02269_bin20.rdat
  3194708  BeringStrait_2015_A3_02269_bin21.rdat
  3194708  BeringStrait_2015_A3_02269_bin22.rdat


./BeringStrait_2015_A4_adcp2234:
  4240101  BeringStrait_2015_A4_02234.btm
  2187279  BeringStrait_2015_A4_02234.ins
    54106  BeringStrait_2015_A4_02234_ADCPdeploytests.txt
 12160971  BeringStrait_2015_A4_02234_ADCPraw.000
    18777  BeringStrait_2015_A4_02234_ADCPrecoverytests.txt
  3195689  BeringStrait_2015_A4_02234_bin01.rdat
  3195689  BeringStrait_2015_A4_02234_bin02.rdat
  3195689  BeringStrait_2015_A4_02234_bin03.rdat
  3195689  BeringStrait_2015_A4_02234_bin04.rdat
  3195689  BeringStrait_2015_A4_02234_bin05.rdat
  3195689  BeringStrait_2015_A4_02234_bin06.rdat
  3195689  BeringStrait_2015_A4_02234_bin07.rdat
  3195689  BeringStrait_2015_A4_02234_bin08.rdat
  3195689  BeringStrait_2015_A4_02234_bin09.rdat
  3195689  BeringStrait_2015_A4_02234_bin10.rdat
  3195689  BeringStrait_2015_A4_02234_bin11.rdat
  3195689  BeringStrait_2015_A4_02234_bin12.rdat
  3195689  BeringStrait_2015_A4_02234_bin13.rdat
  3195689  BeringStrait_2015_A4_02234_bin14.rdat
  3195689  BeringStrait_2015_A4_02234_bin15.rdat
  3195689  BeringStrait_2015_A4_02234_bin16.rdat
  3195689  BeringStrait_2015_A4_02234_bin17.rdat
  3195689  BeringStrait_2015_A4_02234_bin18.rdat
  3195689  BeringStrait_2015_A4_02234_bin19.rdat
  3195689  BeringStrait_2015_A4_02234_bin20.rdat
  3195689  BeringStrait_2015_A4_02234_bin21.rdat
  3195689  BeringStrait_2015_A4_02234_bin22.rdat


+++++++++ END OF FILE LISTING ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

